Efficacy
Primary Pharmacodynamics and efficacy studies (in vivo, ex vivo and/or in vitro) are intended to investigate the mode of action and/or efficacy of a substance in relation to its desired therapeutic target. Such studies are generally conducted during the discovery phase and can contribute to dose selection for both nonclinical and clinical studies.
Evaluation of the mechanism of action of compounds through:
– Gene expression through PCR and array PCR techniques;
– Evaluation of signaling pathways and receptors through immunohistochemistry;
– Use of agonists and antagonists;
– Transfection of ion channels
Therapeutic Areas
In vitro assays
- Glioblastoma cell (U-87 MG) (Please also see cell based assays)
- Primary neuronal and glial cultures isolated from Sprague Dawley rats (E18) (Please also see cell based assays)
In vivo assays
Alzheimer’s disease
Amnesia
Memory test evaluation
- Novel and/or reallocation object recognition
- Barnes maze
- step-down-type passive avoidance test
- Y-maze
- Morris water maze
- Elevated plus maze
Parkinson disease
- Rotenone-induced model
- Reserpine-induced model
- 6-OHDA-induced model
Multiple sclerosis
- MOG- induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE)
Epilepsy
Anxiety and Depression
- Social recognition test
- Object recognition test
- Forced swim test
- Tail suspension test
- Sucrose preference test
- Elevated plus maze
- Open field
- Marble burying test
- Rota Rod
- The Catalepsy Test
Induced sleep
Physical competence test
Pharmacodynamic
The pharmacodynamic studies are important for evaluating the mechanism of action of a new compound. The development of each compound/product may require a different approach; therefore, CIEnP offers personalized service for experimental trials. We have various techniques (Agonists and antagonists, colorimetric assay, flow cytometry, ELISA, histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, western blot and others), equipment, methods, and approaches available to be associate to different experimental models.
Ex vivo assays
- Isolated trachea
- Isolated bronchus
- Muscle contraction and relaxation;
In vivo assays
- Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced Allergic Asthma Model
- Carrageenan-induced pleurisy in mice
- Methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction model
- Expectorant model in mice
Pharmacodynamic
The pharmacodynamic studies are important for evaluating the mechanism of action of a new compound. The development of each compound/product may require a different approach; therefore, CIEnP offers personalized service for experimental trials. We have various techniques (Agonists and antagonists, colorimetric assay, flow cytometry, ELISA, histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, western blot and others), equipment, methods, and approaches available to be associate to different experimental models.
In vitro assays
- Colon carcinoma (Caco-2) (Please also see cell based assays)
In vivo assays
Intestinal inflammation
- Acute or chronic colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)
- Acute colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)
Ulcers (acute and chronic)
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced ulcer
- Ethanol-induced ulcer
- Acetic acid-induced ulcer
Acid gastric secretion evaluation
- Pylorus ligature
- H+/K+-ATPase activity (in vitro and ex vivo)
Intestinal transit
Gastric emptying
Pharmacodynamic
The pharmacodynamic studies are important for evaluating the mechanism of action of a new compound. The development of each compound/product may require a different approach; therefore, CIEnP offers personalized service for experimental trials. We have various techniques (Agonists and antagonists, colorimetric assay, flow cytometry, ELISA, histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, western blot and others), equipment, methods, and approaches available to be associate to different experimental models.
In vitro assays
- Human fibroblasts (HDFn) (Please also see cell based assays)
- Human melanocytes (HEMa) (Please also see cell based assays)
- Human keratinocytes (HEKa) (Please also see cell based assays)
In vivo assays
Psoriasis
Pharmacodynamic
The pharmacodynamic studies are important for evaluating the mechanism of action of a new compound. The development of each compound/product may require a different approach; therefore, CIEnP offers personalized service for experimental trials. We have various techniques (Agonists and antagonists, colorimetric assay, flow cytometry, ELISA, histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, western blot and others), equipment, methods, and approaches available to be associate to different experimental models.
In vitro assays
- Human and murine tumor cell lines (Please also see cell based assays)
In vivo assays
- Ectopic tumor xenograft model
- Syngeneic tumor model
- Orthotopic tumor xenograft model
- Metastasis tumor model
Pharmacodynamic
The pharmacodynamic studies are important for evaluating the mechanism of action of a new compound. The development of each compound/product may require a different approach; therefore, CIEnP offers personalized service for experimental trials. We have various techniques (Agonists and antagonists, colorimetric assay, flow cytometry, ELISA, histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, western blot and others), equipment, methods, and approaches available to be associate to different experimental models.
In vitro assays
- Dermal and immunological cell lines (Please also see cell based assays)
In vivo assays
General inflammation models
- Ear edema (arachidonic acid– and croton oil-induced edema)
- Paw edema (carrageenan-mice, carrageenan -rats, complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) – and zymosan- induced edema)
- Peritonitis (carrageenan-, zymosan- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced peritonitis)
- Pleurisy (carrageenan-, zymosan- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced pleurisy)
Arthritis and osteoarthritis
- CFA-induced arthritis
- Methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA)-induced arthritis
- Monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis
General nociception models
- Nociception induced by chemical agents – formalin induce noception
- Nociception induced by chemical agents – TRPA1 and TRPV1 agonists-induced nociception
- Surgical incision-induced nociception (post -operative pain)
- Hyperalgesia induced by chemical agents (carrageenan, PGE2, bradykinin, 5-HT, pro-inflammatory cytokines)
- Hyperalgesia induced by thermal stimulus
Neuropatin pain
Pharmacodynamic
The pharmacodynamic studies are important for evaluating the mechanism of action of a new compound. The development of each compound/product may require a different approach; therefore, CIEnP offers personalized service for experimental trials. We have various techniques (Agonists and antagonists, colorimetric assay, flow cytometry, ELISA, histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, western blot and others), equipment, methods, and approaches available to be associate to different experimental models.
In vitro assays
- Renal cell line – caki-1 (Please also see cell based assays)
Ex vivo assays
- Evaluation of cardiac muscle contraction
- Evaluation of contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
- Evaluation of bladder contraction and relaxation
- Evaluation of intraventricular pressure
In vivo assays
Blood pressure and heart rate
Hypertension
Cistitis
- Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis
Pharmacodynamic
The pharmacodynamic studies are important for evaluating the mechanism of action of a new compound. The development of each compound/product may require a different approach; therefore, CIEnP offers personalized service for experimental trials. We have various techniques (Agonists and antagonists, colorimetric assay, flow cytometry, ELISA, histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, western blot and others), equipment, methods, and approaches available to be associate to different experimental models.
In vitro assays
- Cell proliferation in NB2-11 cell line (Please also see cell based assays)
In vivo assays
Diabetes
Obesity
Body growth
Pharmacodynamic
The pharmacodynamic studies are important for evaluating the mechanism of action of a new compound. The development of each compound/product may require a different approach; therefore, CIEnP offers personalized service for experimental trials. We have various techniques (Agonists and antagonists, colorimetric assay, flow cytometry, ELISA, histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, western blot and others), equipment, methods, and approaches available to be associate to different experimental models.